CBD
Cannabidiol, CBD, is a major phytocannabinoid present in up to 40% of the plant and identified in cannabis as one of 113 active cannabinoids. Cannabidiol does not have intoxicating effects and may have a positive impact on anxiety and disorders thinking or to keep concentration alive.
Medical Uses: Medical uses are known for example through the trade name Sativex containing a 1:1 ratio of THC and CBD to fight pain associated with multiple sclerosis.
Addiction Treatment: A case study featuring a man who had a marijuana habit was given CBD and reported no marijuana use and less anxiety, interesting and contradictory, but CBD acts on neurotransmitters involved in addiction found in a systematic review of studies on CBD in 2015. The anti addictive character of CBD might be based on the protective effect on stress and neurotoxicity.
CBD Safety Effects: CBD is safe at doses of up to 1500 mg/day (oral) or 30 mg (i.v), and daily doses of 700 mg CBD for more than 6 weeks did not trigger any toxicity in patients. The assumption that cannabidiol may reduce THC clearance, increasing the effect of THC available to receptors is not proven, because the available evidence in humans equals zero significant effect of CBD on plasma levels of THC.
Pharmacodynamics: Cannabidiol acts as an antagonist of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors. The duration of the effects of THC can get extended by Cannabidiol through inhibition of CYP3A, CYP2C enzymes and cytochrome P450.
CBD can act as a 5-HT1A receipt partial agonist leading to an antidepressant, neuroprotective and anxiolytic action. The effects of cannabidiol are involved in PPARy agonism and intercellular calcium release. CBD can inhibit fatty acid amide hydrolase and moreover increase the volume of endocannabinoids produced by the body. Cannabidiol is a novel inverse agonist of GPR12.
Cannabidiol is soluble in organic solvents but not in water and at normal temperature it is colorless and a crystalline solid. CBD can cyclize to THC if acidic conditions are present. It is possible to synthesize Cannabidiol
Biosynthesis: Through the metabolic pathway of Cannabis, CBD carboxylic acid as well as THC are produced until the last step, namely CBDA synthase performs catalysis and not THCA synthase resulting in CBD. Food and beverage with CBD are an alternative to recreational marijuana with high CBD. CBD infused food products are widely known, but they can’t claim through advertising similar effects of prescription drugs, obviously, because prescription drugs are registered products with authorized substances.
Natural Sources: In the USA growers dramatically lowered the CBD content of weed, but to meet the demand of medical cannabis patients, growers are developing CBD rich cannabis. In Europe CBD rich cannabis with low THC is legally available and of course interesting for medical cannabis patients.
Legal Status: CBD is not known to have any psychoactive effects like for example THC, but it seems to have anti-psychotic and anti-anxiety effects. It will become increasingly interesting to define the difference of medical cannabis and medical CBD, cannabidiol. Medical marijuana is known to have a significant variety in the content of CBD to THC and contain many other cannabinoids.
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