THC
THC, Tetrahydrocannabinol is a psychoactive cannabinoid present in cannabis. Dronabinol is a pharmaceutical product representing THC. THC found in Cannabis, an active secondary metabolite is involved in self defenses against insects for example.
THC has absorption properties with the potential to protect the plant from UV radiation. THC is scheduled by the UN convention on psychotropic substances.
Medical Uses: The pure isomer of THC is dronabinol and is helping with the treatment of anorexia in people with HIV / AIDS and for refractory vomiting and nausea in people during chemotherapy. It seems to be safe and effective.
THC is used as active ingredient of a mouth spray for people with multiple sclerosis to fight spasticity, neuropathic pain, overactive bladder, and other issues.
Mechanism of Action: The partial agonist activity of the CB2 receptor in cells of the immune system and at the cannabinoid receptor CB1 located mainly in the central nervous system represent the action of THC. The psychoactive actions of THC are resulting from the activation of cannabinoid receptors. The cannabinoid receptors in the brain were responsible for the discovery of endocannabinoids.
THC is known to be a lipophilic molecule and can bind to many entities in the body and brain. THC is featuring similarities with cannabidiol. THC is responsible for a higher down regulation of cannabinoid receptors instead of endocannabinoids.
Tolerance develops irregularly for different effects with better resistance over side effects and can enhance the value of the drug’s therapeutic impact. Even if this kind of tolerance appears to be irregular, THC as well as other cannabinoids containing a phenol group are rich in mild antioxidant activity to protect against oxidative stress.
Biosynthesis: THC occurs as tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) in the cannabis plant, when heated, THCA will be decarboxylated and result in THC.
Comparison with medical marijuana: About 113 cannabinoids are in female cannabis plants, most prominently CBD, cannabidiol the anticonvulsant substance helping people with multiple sclerosis, CBC or cannabichromene an anti inflammatory responsible for some pain killing effects of cannabis. Smoked or vaporized cannabis is reaching full effects within seconds or minutes.
Alternative THC medications based on cannabis extracts are in development, such as Marinol for example which has demonstrated comparable efficacy in the treatment of cancer.
Research: The fact that cannabis is illegal in most countries makes it very hard to perform research, except if it is legal in specific countries or states like Colorado, Washington etc., the American Academy of Neurology published in 2014 a review of the safety and efficacy of medical cannabis in neurological disorders.
The treatment of multiple sclerosis with THC and cannabis extracts showcased an evident effectivity, but the effectiveness was not given in treating other neurological issues.
The oral cannabis extract was Cannador made by the IKF in Berlin, its a Cannabis Sativa extract from cannabis grown in Switzerland and prepared in Germany. 1 Capsule Cannador contains 2,5 mg THC and 0,8 - 1,8 mg cannabidiols.
Multiple sclerosis: The oral cannabis extract and THC was rated as effective for improving measures of spasticity. THC and the oral cannabis extract was rated as effective by improving central pain and painful spasms. Oral cannabis extract and THC was rated as probably ineffective for fighting bladder dysfunction.
Neurodegenerative disorders: THC and oral cannabis extract seems not to be effective in treating Huntington disease, probably because the trials were small. Oral CBD extract was not really effective in treating dyskinesia in Parkinson disease. Its not understood if cannabis products can help in the treatment of Alzheimers disease.
Other neurological disorders: Oral cannabis extract or THC might be effective in controlling tics of the Tourette syndrome based on insufficient studies. Oral cannabis extract of THC could not be reliably assess the effectivity in treating cervical dystonia due to insufficient data. Insufficient data was available to judge about the benefit of cannabis products in reducing severity or frequency in epilepsy.
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